close money substitute - определение. Что такое close money substitute
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Что (кто) такое close money substitute - определение

SUBSTITUTE FOR GOVERNMENT-ISSUED LEGAL TENDER OR CURRENCY
Gift coin; Gift certificates; Occupation money; Scrips; Stamp scrip; Money substitute; Semi-currency
  • A scrip card from a [[babysitting]] group
  • parchment scrip]] (1 [[Ruble]]), from between 1826 and 1858.

Substitute (cricket)         
REPLACEMENT PLAYER IN CRICKET
Substitute fielder; Substitute fielders; Retire hurt
A substitute in the sport of cricket is a replacement player that the umpires allow when a player has been injured or become ill, after the nomination of the players at the start of the game. The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the Laws of Cricket.
Substitute (association football)         
  • national team of Argentina]].
  • assistant referee]] indicating a substitution
  • Fourth official notifying the referee of the details of the substitution
REPLACEMENT PLAYER IN ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL (SOCCER)
Substitute (soccer); Substitute (football); Substitute bench; Substitution (association football); Substitution (soccer); Concussion substitute (association football); Substitution (Association football)
In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing poorly, or for tactical reasons (such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender).
John Close         
  • The poet at his Bowness bookstall in 1875
ENGLISH DOGGEREL POET
Close, John
John Close, also known as Poet Close, was born on 11 August 1816 at Gunnerside and died at Kirkby Stephen on 15 February 1891. He was an enterprising and prolific writer of working class origin who catered to the English Lake District tourist trade.

Википедия

Scrip

A scrip (or chit in India) is any substitute for legal tender. It is often a form of credit. Scrips have been created and used for a variety of reasons, including exploitive payment of employees under truck systems; or for use in local commerce at times when regular currency was unavailable, for example in remote coal towns, military bases, ships on long voyages, or occupied countries in wartime. Besides company scrip, other forms of scrip include land scrip, vouchers, token coins such as subway tokens, IOUs, arcade tokens and tickets, and points on some credit cards.

Scrips have gained historical importance and become a subject of study in numismatics and exonumia due to their wide variety and recurring use. Scrip behaves similarly to a currency, and as such can be used to study monetary economics.